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The point-of-care platforms and technologies have significantly contributed to the transformation of healthcare landscape by bringing rapid diagnosis and monitoring tests closer, and making it more convenient for healthcare providers and patients. The test results obtained by electronic health records (EHR) assists in quicker diagnosis leading to faster decision making and early treatment onset. The POC tests and devices help alleviate various pain points of hospital-based healthcare providers who are under constant pressure for delivering cost and time efficient care that enhances treatment outcomes of patients. These rapid POC tests address the issues of latency in test results by facilitating accurate evidence-based triage and diagnostic decisions within fraction of time when compared to the time taken by centralized laboratory tests.

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POC devices allow medical professionals to make decisions in patient’s vicinity, which results in significant healthcare delivery with faster results and immediate clinical management. The novel point-of-care tests (POCTs) offer diagnostic techniques for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases such as HIV, Hepatitis B Virus, and chronic diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disorders. According to the International Journal of Nanomedicine, in 2017, around 36.7 million people were affected by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and around 400 million people were affected by viral hepatitis across the globe.

The survey also stated that with no reliable treatment for HIV infection, early diagnosis is a critical factor in managing AIDS patients, as it is a major cause for morbidity and mortality globally. Furthermore, the point-of-care technologies have enabled efficient monitoring of heart rate, inflammation threats, and heart failure that can potentially avert complications, reduce economic burden, and improve patient care across diverse medical and home care settings. According to the American Heart Association, cardiovascular diseases account for 17.3 million deaths per year globally and by 2030, around 23.3 million people are expected to die from CVD.

Increasing cancer and diabetes incidences is one of the major factors driving demand for point of care diagnostic tools and assays. Monitoring of glucose, hemoglobin, ketones, and other factors allows prevention and early detection of diabetes-related acute and chronic complications, and has a positive impact on the process of care and management of patients with diabetes. According to National Cancer Institute, in 2016, around 16.8 million new cases of cancer were diagnosed in the U.S., with around 595,690 deaths from the same disease. The number of people suffering from cancer is expected to rise to 19 million by 2024. According to the Global Diabetes Community, in 2017, around 422 million adults suffer from diabetes globally, where the number is expected to escalate to 642 million by 2040.

Aspergillosis is a group of diseases that occur from aspergillus infection. Aspergillus is a fungus whose spores are present in the air, but does not normally cause illness. Individuals with damaged lungs, sensitive immune system, and allergies are more prone to Aspergillus induced infection. Common Aspergillus infections include invasive Aspergillosis, non-invasive Allergic Pulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA), and Chronic Pulmonary and Aspergilloma (CPA). Invasive aspergillosis is uncommon and occurs primarily in immunocompromised people.

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Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis is rare pulmonary disease, which increases symptoms of respiratory disorders such as asthma. According to a study published by European Respiratory Society (ERS) publications, in 2015, CPA is estimated to affect nearly 240,000 people in Europe. The most common form of CPA is Chronic Cavitary Pulmonary Aspergillosis (CCPA), which if left untreated can develop chronic fibrosing pulmonary aspergillosis. According to a statistics published by Centers for Disease Control and prevention, (CDC) an estimated 10% of individuals with asthma or cystic fibrosis experience an allergic reaction to aspergillus. ABPA is estimated to affect 2-15% of patients with cystic fibrosis and around 2% of all asthma patients.

Increasing prevalence of Aspergillosis and favorable government regulations are the major factors driving growth of the Aspergillosis treatment market. According to a study published in Journal of Fungi 2016, CPA is estimated to affect nearly three million people globally making it major health problem resulting in mortality and morbidity. Aspergillosis infection can be treated with antifungal and corticosteroids drugs. Corticosteroid drugs are prescribed for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis treatment.

These drugs reduce inflammation and lowers respiratory symptoms such as coughing and wheezing. Some of the most frequently used drugs are methylprednisolone, prednisolone and prednisone. The U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) approved various drugs for Aspergillosis infection treatment. For instance, in 2015, the U.S. FDA approved Isavuconazonium (Astellas Pharma), a prodrug form of Isavuconazole. Antifungal drugs are majorly used to treat invasive pulmonary Aspergillosis. Voriconazole, an antifungal drug is widely used due to less side effects and more effectiveness in comparison to other drugs. Itraconazole or Amphotericin B also treat the infection effectively. Caspofungin is used to treat infection, resistant to the other antifungals. Furthermore, antifungal drugs are sometimes used in combination with corticosteroids for treating ABPA. Surgeries may be required in some cases where aspergillomas are present leading to serious problems such as excessive bleeding. Antifungal drugs are generally not effective against aspergillomas, therefore surgery such as embolization is recommended. An aspergilloma is a solid mass of Aspergillus hyphae, mucus, fibrin, and other cellular debris, formed inside a pre-existing area of pulmonary cavity or scar.